Isomorphism hypothesis would state that:

A. abuse causes post-traumatic stress and thus a need to re- enact the experience
B. if a mother has been abused this increases the risk of a child’s potential for being an abuser in the future
C. physically abused children tend to commit physically violent offences whereas sexually abused children tend to commit sexually violent crimes in adulthood
D. the effect of violence are more generally pathogenic than simply ‘violence leads to violence

What can we not say about moral reasoning and delinquency?

A. When moral issues are related to crime the differences between male delinquents and male non- delinquents are their greatest
B. Male delinquents are typically at Kohlberg’s pre- conventional level compare to male non- delinquents
C. Offenders were typically at Kohlberg’s conventional level of moral reasoning, i.e. obtaining social approval compared non- offenders
D. Non-offenders males tend to be at a lower level of moral reasoning than non- offendring females

What were the predictors of sexual delinquency by Langstrom in his study of 15- 20 years old?

A. Early childhood conduct disorder
B. Those factors which predict non- sexual delinquency such as low family income, poor accommodation, poor parenting
C. Early onset of sexually abusive behavior, male victims, multiple victims and poor social skills
D. Previous criminality, psychopathy and use of death/ threats at time of index offence

What can we correctly state about young offenders?

A. Children rated most trouble some at an early age tend become the more persistent offenders
B. Some research suggests that for 8- 25 years old most offending occurs at about 16- 17 years and tail of to a plateau
C. Young offenders are rarely imprisoned for a single offence, rather for a number of offences
D. All of the above we can correctly state about young offenders