Which of the following statements about crime and deviance is false ?
A. the concept of ‘deviance’ is much broader than ‘crime’
B. deviance and crime very often overlap
C. the concept of deviance can be applied to individuals and groups
D. deviance is normally sanctioned by law
What is Howard Becker’s famous definition of deviance ?
A. deviant behavior is behavior that is labelled so by the law
B. deviant behavior is behavior that people so label
C. deviant behavior is that labelled by the perpetrators
D. deviant behavior is that which causes public offence
The approach to crime prevention based on increased surveillance (such as CCTV and Neighborhood Watch schemes) and target hardening (such as a car immobilizers and better home security) is known as what ?
A. the new criminology
B. broken windows theory
C. situational crime prevention
D. deviance reduction theory
Which one of the following is an example of a ‘third generation’ or true cybercrime ?
A. international drug dealing via email
B. The global trade in online pornography
C. the vandalizing of virtual environments
D. theft of goods sold via online action websites
Who first introduced the notion of anomie into sociology ?
A. comte
B. Marx
C. Weber
D. Durkheim
Which approach holds that deviance is not a feature of a group or individual but a process of interaction through which one group becomes defined as deviant ?
A. labelling theory
B. control theory
C. functionalist theory
D. conflict theory
Which policy is supported by the theory of broken windows ?
A. restorative justice
B. zero tolerance
C. target hardening
D. deterrent sentencing
___________ Of what is the failure of companies to adhere to legal regulations that apply to them an example ?
A. white-collar crime
B. corporate crime
C. victimless crime
D. organized crime
Which one of the following is a strategy for restorative justice ?
A. community service
B. imprisonment
C. electronic tagging
D. curfews
If a deviant act is ‘normalized’ it is _____?
A. recognized as breaking an important norm of behavior
B. seen a temporary aberration from an otherwise normal character
C. the first step in establishing a deviant career
D. attributed to the person’s genetic or anatomical make up
